Examples Of Dystopia In The Giver - 751 Words

The Giver by Lois Lowry is about a utopian society where there are rules for basically everything that people do. However, after reading the book, I realized that the community truly is not a utopian society but rather a dystopian society. The reasons why the seemingly utopian society is actually a dystopia is because there is no evidence of love, no colors, and the process of eliminating community members is harsh. The community in The Giver is not a utopia as evidenced by its lack of love. This is depicted when The Giver shows Jonas his favorite memory and Jonas says, â€Å"‘I certainly liked the memory, though. I can see why it’s your favorite. I couldn’t quite get the word for the whole feeling of it, the feeling that was so strong in†¦show more content†¦Since the community lacks color they miss out on a lot of fun things that can be done using it, as well as the perception of depth and feeling that can be conveyed by color such as in the change of seasons or a basket of fruit. Lastly, the elimination of community members known as â€Å"release†, which is extremely deceiving to the citizens of the community proves that this community is a dystopia. When Jonas watches his father release one of the twins, he is mortified to see the truth behind releasing. He sees where the new child is deposited, â€Å"... a small door in the wall ; Jonas could see darkness behind the door. It seemed to be the same sort of chute into which trash was deposited at school. His father loaded the carton containing the body into the chute and gave it a shove† (Lowry 151). After seeing what really happens at the releases and having the memory of death, Jonas realizes that releasing is the same as killing. Although he may not even know the truth behind the releases, Jonas feels as though he can’t even talk to his father. Essentially killing someone should not be the case just because they are twins or elderly, the releasers could have simply sent the smaller one or older person to a different community and let them live their lives. One could argue that the society in The Giver is utopian because everything is equal, but there truly is no uniqueness in the community. Everything has and always will be the same which isShow MoreRelatedThe Giver Community Is A Dystopia Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesThe giver community is a dystopia. I know this because when you compare the giver community to our world it takes a minute but I guarantee it is a dystopia, you can see this because on the out side looking in, you know all of the secrets that make up the giver community. another reason it is a dystopia is because when people imagine a perfect world it is not anything like the community of the giver, lastly is the fact that the government plans out people’s lives. I will go into detail and make manyRead MoreThe Giver Dystopia Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesa utopia cannot be achieved, a utopia would be â€Å"perfect world† where everyone is satisfied. A dystopia can be very far from perfect, as it is in The Giver. The world in The Giver by Lois Lowry is a dystopia because no world anywhere can ever be perfect, the people who live there will never be truly happy and because without choice life can be very boring, as it is in The Giver. The world in The Giver is not perfect because nothing can really be perfect. It is almost impossible to think of a perfectRead MoreOne Of The First Dystopian Novels To Become Famous Was1396 Words   |  6 Pagesdystopian literature is mostly in an adolescent’s perspective. For example, the Giver was one of the first dystopian novels written in a teenager point of view. Now, most all dystopian novels are now written in this style, such as the Maze Runner, Divergent, and the Hunger Games. Many dystopias contain the notion of an â€Å"impending apocalypse.† They will allow the slight possibility of recreation, and only a few will survive. The Giver, Brave New World, 1984, â€Å"Repent, Harlequin!† Said the TicktockmanRead MoreDystopian Societies : Literature Study1913 Words   |  8 Pagesare learning the meanings of a utopia and dystopia through reading The Giver and The Hunger Games. A utopia and a dystopia are very different. A utopia is an imaginary land with perfection of all kinds. In a utopian world, everybody makes the same amount of money, everyone is treated fairly, there is no racism or discrimination, everyone has housing, and nobody will ever starve or be unhappy. A dystopia is the total opposite of a utopia because a dystopia is a horrible messed up place. Everyone isRead MoreDystopian Fiction : Dystopian Novel1559 Words   |  7 PagesHunger Games, Divergent, The Giver, and Ready Player One as examples. In order to fully understand why dystopian fiction is important, the term dystopia needs to be defined. According to dictionary.com, dystopia is a society characterized by human misery, as squalor, oppression, disease, and overcrowding. Merriam-Webster defines dystopia as an imaginary place where people are unhappy and usually afraid because they are not treated fairly. The Oxford dictionary defines dystopia as an imagined place orRead MoreThe Giver ( Lois Lowry ), And Animal Farm1805 Words   |  8 Pagesopponent. These two scenarios are quick summaries of two timeless, utopia/dystopia novels, The Giver (Lois Lowry), and Animal Farm (George Orwell). When I read these novels, I often switched back and forth in reading them, and realized that The Giver s government and justice system is very similar to Animal Farm s government and justice system, but Animal Farm is based on real events (The Russian Revolution), while The Giver is more of a picture of a future, and lastly, they both describe what canRead MoreThe Giver As A Dystopian Society759 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom dystopian life. Lois Lowry shows readers how people can suffer in dystopian society. In The Giver, Jonas’ community appears to be a utopia, but in reality it is a dystopia because everyone is under the illusion that there is freedom, dehumanization, and their strict regulations. The Giver is considered as a dystopian society because everyone is under the illusion that there is freedom. An example of this is when the text states, â€Å"youre ready for the pills, thats all. That’s the treatment forRead MoreA Clueless Community in The Giver by Mrs. Lowry Essay614 Words   |  3 Pagespeople don’t have to worry about poverty, crime, starvation and basically any typical world problems. Although, this community still has many problems. People still think this is a wonderful place to live but this community is a dystopia. In Mrs. Lowry’s book â€Å"The Giver† she explains how families function here as well as the both negative and positive point of views for family. The main character is Jonas. He is very special and different because he can see beyond. Jonas notices that his familyRead MoreThe Giver And An Ember In The Ashes Analysis1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe Giver and An Ember In The Ashes are both fascinating books that revolve around protagonists and the will to change their crumbled societies which is seen as justified by their rulers. Not only are these two books strikingly similar but yet have their own unique storylines and characters. From the genres literature to the last pages, here are some of the overlapping features in both novels. Both stories have a utopian or dystopian setup (although some people disagree if An Ember In The Ashes isRead MoreThemes in The Giver1222 Words   |  5 PagesThemes in The Giver What if there was a world without memory, choice, or emotion? Could a world truly exist in those conditions? In Lois Lowry’s Newbery Award winning novel The Giver, the main character, Jonas, lives in a world exactly as described. In his community, nobody at all can remember anything, choose, or feel any emotion. All of these things are banned is because his community wanted everything to run smoothly. They wanted a community without hate, war, or conflict. While reading Lois

Jesus Is The Perfect Representation Of Love - 2195 Words

The love of Jesus is evident to us not only by his sacrifice on the cross, but he showed his love while he walked on this earth in many other ways by feeding the hungry, healing the sick, and teaching others. The reason I chose this topic is because I feel that this is one of the greatest examples Jesus gave for us while on this earth. It’s an example of how we should seek to treat others everyday and what we should strive to achieve throughout our lives. Jesus was the perfect representation of love, even when loving his enemies. The exact definition of love is: â€Å"A profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person.† 1 Corinthians 13 defines love as â€Å"patient and kind, does not envy or boast, is not arrogant or rude, does not insist on its own way, is not irritable or resentful, does not rejoice at wrongdoings, but rejoices with the truth, it bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, and endures all things.† This is the love that J esus has shown throughout his life on earth and the love that we must strive to imitate. There are four different types of love as explained by the Greeks; Eros, Phileo, Storge, and Agape. Eros is love within the body. It is defined as romantic love and a state of the heart. Phileo is love of the body. It is love of the soul and of those close to you such as your friends and parents. Storge is love of community and family. This love is known to have the power to pull you towards a lesser path. Finally, Agape, which is theShow MoreRelated Beauty and the Beast1639 Words   |  7 PagesWhat pops into your mind when you hear the word ‘love?’ Do you think of a person who loved you or someone you’ve admired? We, as human beings, are made to love. We even distinguish love as family, romantic, and selfless love: also known as, storge, eros, and agape. As much as we desire to love others, we hold high values of being loved by others. Humanity’s great appreciation towards love is so great, it is even portrayed in fairy tales. Little Mermaid is a story about a mermaid who exchanges herRead MoreDefense of The Passion of the Christ Against Charges of Anti-Semitism806 Words   |  4 Pagesits inception. Throughout history both Christians and Jews have been at odds and many have taken their passions, perceptions, and perversions of the Cross of Christ to the extreme. The core issue is that the Jews have been blamed for the death of Jesus Christ. The movie Passion of the Christ portrayed the last twelve hours of Christs life before and up to the crucifixion. Religious leaders around the world where petrified that this re-enactment on the big screen would fuel the fire of hatred towardsRead MoreRepentance: The Story of The Prodigal Son Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters (Father, younger song, older son) all represent one aspect of the religious undertone that is carried throughout the duration of this tale. While the concept of family is prevalent in this story, what is actually more important is the symbol of Jesus and his followers that is communicated through the idea of family. The family embodies the idea of God, sinners, and Pharisees. Each character in the prodigal son represents one of these three symbols, and through the use of the symbols the audienceRead MoreReligion1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sense of separating himself from the sin that is present in the world, portraying God as being both perfect morally and above human morally. This is seen in the scriptures in psalms 18:30 â€Å"This God-his way is perfect.† This aspect of Gods nature illustrates a God that is perfect and without sin. Without the feature of transcendence present in Gods nature, God would cease to exist as a perfect and fully righteous God. Although this is one aspect of Gods nature, it is vital not to neglect other aspectsRead MoreGod s Rescue Operation By Wright Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesChurch, and Jesus to compl ete his plan. Through these three, Wright believes that God intends for the â€Å"kingdom of the world to become kingdom of God† in which â€Å"the beauty of this world will be enfolded in the beauty of God†, only completing his rescue operation â€Å"when the present world is rescued, healed, restored, and completed.† (Wright 78) Israel, a nation with a history of insurgence, turmoil, and agony, is the start of God’s rescue operation. Israel, in the Bible, serves as a representation of theRead MoreThe Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ788 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of God being loving, understanding and merciful and a God who wants to help us and interact with us. God loves all of us, not just those under the category of Christians. However God may impact all of our lives daily, only those who allow him to are influenced significantly. The death and ressurection of Jesus Christ is an event that occurs in the New Testament where Jesus, God s only son, is crucified, buried, and three days later rises from the dead. Christians accept the New TestamentRead MoreChristianity And The Holy Trinity955 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Within the covers of the Bible are the answers for all the problems men face.† (Quotes About Christianity) This quote is from Ronald Regan, and I think it is a good representation of Christianity. Christianity is centered on the teachings and life of Jesus of Nazareth which is found in the Bible. Along with the teachings of Jesus, Christians believe in the Old Testament, that has biblical records that date back to 1500 B.C.E.. Some of these beliefs include the Holy Trinity, salvation, afterlifeRead MoreThe Teaching of Jesus Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages Will the teachings of Jesus Christ be able to survive the 3rd millennium? Jesus emphasized the actions and teachings of God by using his life as an example of Gods ways. He was an exact representation of God which made him God as well. Jesus referred to the history of God in his teachings. He used the basis of Gods t eachings that God demonstrated through Adam, Abraham and David. There were approximately 4000 years between the start of man up to the time of Christs birth. Then for the last 2000Read MoreFathers, Martyrs, And Our Religion Is Better : A New Critical Outlook On The Life Of The872 Words   |  4 Pagesappeal in being a Gentile. Throughout many Gentile tales, the reader is bombarded with symbols, especially that of the number three, which is a strong representation of the religion. It is the number of divine perfection, meaning the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, is the number of times that Peter denied knowing Jesus, as well as the day that Jesus rose from the dead. In The Life of Saint Cecilia, the number three is referenced when she first goes into the heated Caldarium, â€Å"like that which refreshedRead MoreEssay on gospel essentials1467 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on the Christian worldview. The Christian worldview involves God, humanity, Jesus, and restoration. The Christian Worldview God Can God truly be defined? Yes and no! It is important to know the facts about God which one can get from studying the Bible. Secondly, it is important to fellowship with God to get to know Him on a personal and intimate level. There are so many characteristics of God as He was and is perfect in all His ways. God is sovereign. This gives God the ability to do what He knows

Wars of Roses A Thematic Account Free Essays

string(47) " defeated with their Royals narrowly escaping\." Introduction Wars of the Roses was a dreadfully brutal, prolonged, civil conflict in England among the descendants of two houses namely the Yorks and the Lancasters; with each claiming to be the rightful heir to the throne. The overall result of the brutal war was to slay off all the prospective claimants to the English throne on belonging to either houses, inflict mayhem and devastation, turn hatred into blood-feuds, and force the entire English Royal family that ruled the country for more than 300 years to a disgraceful end. Moreover, the Wars of the Roses has few equivalents in history when it comes to tortuous schemes, turnarounds, treachery and treason, changes allegiance, armed setbacks, and astonishing endings. We will write a custom essay sample on Wars of Roses: A Thematic Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wars or Roses is not an easy war to comprehend historically or in terms of military progress. The war is named after the two Roses that represent the houses of Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose) respectively, among the English nobility. The roots of the war lies in the disputed progression of kingship that existed over the two previous generations when King Henry IV (Bolingbroke), who was a Lancaster, became king succeeding Richard II, who had been deposed off. Many observers and commentators are of the belief that Richard’s cousin Clarence, who was a York, had had a better claim to the throne; however Richard II was in a better position to make a claim as his father, John of Gaunt, was highly influential. Succeeding Richard II, Henry V became a popular king earning great respect for victories in France; hence no one argued against his succession to the throne. Likewise, no one challenged his son’s claim to succession during the life of Henry V. Unfortunately, Henry V died young and his son Henry VI did not prove to be as popular or a strong leader as hi s predecessor. His kingship was marred by the surrounding of unpopular advisors. Given this situation, the House of York, impelled on by the Earl of Warwick (aka the King Maker), made efforts to claim their righteousness for the throne.[1] The political maneuverings to by the House of York to reclaim their right for the throne began much earlier than the actual battles. It was when King Henry VI, after several years of his marriage to Margaret of Anjou, failed to produce a male off spring who would succeed him. It was widely opined that after the death of King Henry VI, the throne would smoothly pass on to the Yorks given that Henry had no heir. This opinion turned into a reality when a formal accord of succession was signed between the Lancasters and the Yorks and it seemed as eventually the Yorks would succeed without any bloodshed. However, as the events unfolded, King Henry’s VI wife Margaret of Anjou unexpectedly gave birth to a male child after a long wait of seven years. Margaret of Anjou was a strong lady, with all the strength of characters and leadership qualities lacked by her husband, and thus decided to abolish the previously signed accord of Yorkish succession and insisted upon the right of her son to succeed Kind Henry VI. [2] Similarly the tensions between the Lancaster and Yorks renewed following the removal of Richard of York from government positions and the Royal council by Henry VI. Henry VI was prone to bouts of insanity and hence he appointed Richard of York as his Regent during one of his bouts in 1454. Upon his recovery, he saw that Richard had become too powerful and thus removed him from all his positions. This ignited the Yorks to attack Henry VI under Richard’s command.[3] During the early years of the War of Roses, Margaret of Anjou was the one who led the cause of Lancaster rather than her husband King Henry VI. Margaret of Anjou shied away from nothing, from leading her husband’s armies personally, to decapitating her adversaries in order to support the succession of her son. On the other hand, the driving force behind the cause of Yorks was the powerful Earl of Warwick, and the Duke of York. Both Warwick and the Queen were cousins by marriage. At that time, Warwick was considered to be the wealthiest and the most influential English noble. Ironically, he had no male heirs and resultantly he was determined to marry his daughters with the Royal family. [4] The entire War of Roses can be divided into three phases. The initial phase was the longest and deadliest, and led to the victory of the Yorks. It was followed by a phase of rebellion within the House of York, which subsequently led to Lancaster’s claim to the throne. Their success was very short lived and soon the Yorks regained the throne. The third phase was marked by the death of King Edward IV of York. During this phase, Richard III fought with a usurper Henry Tudor, who was a distant cousin of the Royals from the Lancaster side. First Phase: This phase is marked by the deadliest and the most violent battles between the two Houses which were fought between 1459 and 1461, and ended in the victory of Yorks— the Lancaster Royals were exiled in France, with Henry VI being imprisoned by the Yorks in England. There were however, several reversals where the Yorks seemed to have lost their way, along with temporary truces between the two sides.[5] After the opening battles between the two sides, the Yorks were victorious in the early battles. However, the Yorks face massive disaster during the battle of Wakefield, in December of 1460, the Yorks met with disaster. Both the Duke of York and his eldest son were killed. The Yorkish supporters were enraged with this defeat and thus they further attacked the Lanceters with more armies, inflicting heavy losses upon them parallel to the battle of Wakefield. Ultimately in the battle of Towton, the Lanceters were defeated with their Royals narrowly escaping. You read "Wars of Roses: A Thematic Account" in category "Essay examples" Edward IV claimed the throne in 1461. It was followed by a cessation of armed battles for almost ten years. Second Phase: The second phase initiated with a prevailing feeling of discontent among the Yorkish camp. The Earl of Warwick who had orchestrated the Yorkist reclamation to the throne along with Kind Edward’s father, became disheartened with Edward when he decided to marry someone from the rival family contrary to Warwick’s wishes, and ignored his advice on some major issues. Consequently, Warwick along with a brother of Edward named Clarence, deposed Edward and replaced him with Clarence However, this victory was short lived. Soon Warwick, along with help of Queen Margaret, again overthrew Edward. However, with a startling turn of events, both Warwick and Prince Henry (son of Henry VI were killed in the following battles and Edward IV again reclaimed the throne to rule the rest of his life.[6] Third Phase: Edward IV died while his apparent heir Edward V was too young to rule and therefore, his faithful uncle Richard was appointed as his Regent. However, Richard soon captured young Edward and his brother in the Tower on London, and upon their mysterious disappearance, claimed the throne for himself. Richard was both liked very much by those who despised Edwards IV wife and hated by those who alleged him for killing Edward’s IV two princes. It was in this situation that Henry Tudor of Lancaster asserted his claim to the throne. Henry counted on Richard’s enemies for assistance against him and was duly right. Henry Tudor reconciled with the Yorks by marrying Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV.[7] According to Hicks[8] there are four factors that led to the War of Roses. These are: the crown’s (Henry VI) weak financial condition; the people’s engagement in politics; the interference of foreign countries; and the consciousness of the nobility that it is legitimate to try to terminate the king. There existed other problems behind the war too. One of those which very prominent was the variety of economic troubles that emerged in around 1440 and lasted till 1470s, to which Hicks refers as the ‘Great Slump’[9]. Problems such as credit crisis, a significant fall in the foreign trade, a drastic fall down in agro-based (agricultural) revenues, rents, wages and other prices are considered to be main features contributing to the first two factors: the revenues which were being obtained through customs were cut down. Furthermore, since the impoverishment influenced all the tax payers – thus a harder task was confronted in drawing out grants of direct ta xation from the parliament. Similarly, it is under debate that economic problems gave rise to much of the turbulent situation of this period, contributing in the revolt of 1450 and the reservoir of famous alienation on which nobles like Richard of York and Warwick the Kingmaker eagerly drew. Adding to this, one other problem which caused the nobility to move their boundaries of obedience was the division of dynasty, a core factor prior to 1460, but after that a persistent and easy way of disputing with the authority of the King. These four are the major causes of the War of Roses, and whenever these factors departed, such as throughout 1485-1525, the conflicts ended. In K.B McFarlane’s[10] view, the inability of Henry VI to manage a basically sound and stable system regarding the relationship between the king (himself) and nobility (his Regent Richard II) caused the war. The war persisted because the series of usurps didn’t guarantee landowners the safety that they required. This explanation efficiently points out the individual’s role in a structural setting; and it is considered to be a valid explanation of the wars generally. Tony Pollard[11] explains that the War or Roses was the result of underlying weaknesses in the political system. On one hand it was basically due to the gap between the expectations and the administration of the subjects, while on the other hand it is the capability of the monarchs to carry out what they demanded. Although this gap could and did get extended for several reasons, which are more local to the later 15th century (defeat in France, fiscal and economic problems, a split in the dynasty, an incapable and clumsy ruler in the 1450s and significantly shrewd ones after 1485), it was the cause behind the Wars, as it was also the cause of the problems and issues of 1370-1410 and perhaps 1547-53. Another modern explanation of War of Roses is contributed by Christine Carpenter[12]. She has contended that, while the political system was totally stable, it is a particular manner of accounting both public and private authorities, predominantly that of aristocracy, describing why the incompetency of Henry VI had such striking and long lasting effects led to the war. According to Carpenter, the king ought to balance and merge the different components in the constitution; if he did not make decisions authoritatively and did not offer an adequate leadership in the field of justice and defense, division and disorder were the fate. And like Edward IV (until 1417), Edward V and Richard III, could similarly not offer that kind of leadership. According to Carpenter, the inappropriate actions of Warwick and the role played by Henry VII in prolonging the conflict, was not needed. These various themes indicate that there are many reasons which can be attributed as the causal factors for these historic events; with each different theme or factor grounded in sound social, political and economical theories. Some of these justifications may sound more viable than others, while some might be deemed as less influential. A common theme among all of these aforementioned theories is that whenever the subjects of an authority are denied their rightful privileges and justice along with their basic needs, it paves way for the ultimate demise of the authority itself. This can be an important lesson for those who assert their authorities in the current times in any ways; whether they are the heads of governments, powerful business organizations, religious leaders, or even a head of family. After all, it is always better to learn from the example of others rather than become another example ourselves. Bibliography Carpenter, C. (1997).The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the Constitution in England, c.1437–1509. Cambridge. Haaren, J. and Poland A. (1904) Famous Men of the Middle Ages. American Book Company Haigh, P. A. (1995). The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses. Hatcher, J (1996) ‘The great slump of the mid-15th century’, in Progress and Problems in Medieval England, ed. R. Britnell and J. Hatcher (Cambridge, 1996), 237–72. Heritage History (2012). War of the Roses. 1453-1485. Lancatrians Vs Yorkists. {online} Available from http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=warsFileName=wars_roses.php (cited on 17th December, 2012) Hicks, M. (2010). The Wars of Roses. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, McFarlane, K.B. (1981) ‘The Wars of the Roses’, in idem, England in the 15th Century. London., 231–61 Pollard, J. (2001)The Wars of the Roses, 2nd ed., Basingstoke. Wheeler, K. (2012) The Wars of the Roses. {online} Available from http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/War_of_Roses.html (cited on 17th December, 2012) How to cite Wars of Roses: A Thematic Account, Essay examples

Coke vs Pepsi free essay sample

Coca-Cola and Pepsi have been rivals for centuries. While most people have their own preference on which cola they prefer, they have no idea what makes these two cola brands so similar yet so different. While both are similar in color and taste, the biggest difference between these two brands are their sugar level. Coca-Cola, the dominant coke brand, contains less sugar compared to that of Pepsi’s. Furthermore, these two world renowned colas are said to help regain energy because of its caffeine content. In addition, Pepsi has higher caffeine content and contains more calories compared to Coke. These two cola types carbonated drinks are slightly different in taste. Coca-Cola has a slight vanilla taste to it while Pepsi has a sort of citrusy taste to it. When poured into a glass, Coca-Cola produces more â€Å"fizz† even though it is much smoother when swallowed. On the other hand, Pepsi maintains its fizzy sensation when swallowed. We will write a custom essay sample on Coke vs Pepsi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite all these differences, most people can barely tell the difference between these two colas in a blind-folded taste test. There was an experiment conducted to test students’ preference on both colas. According to Woolfolk and her associates (185-186), most college student Coke drinkers prefer Pepsi in a test where Pepsi and Coke are labeled as S and L respectively. They have concluded that college students prefer the letter S compared to L. They had conducted an experiment where both cups S and L contained half Coke and half Pepsi. Regardless of the type of cola, the students preferred cola S over cola L in 85 percent of the cases. This has proved that students’ preference on their favorite cola did not result from the preference for different colas, but the preferences for certain letters. In conclusion, these two colas’ have differences so slight that most consumers cannot even tell. References Bhasin, Kim. Coke vs. Pepsi: The Cola Wars. Coke vs. Pepsi: The History of the Cola Wars (infographic). N. p. , 4 Jan. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Woolfolk, M. E. , Castellan, W. , amp; Brooks, C. I. (1983). Pepsi versus Coke: Labels, not tastes, prevail, Psychological Reports, 52, 185-186. Print Coke vs pepsi free essay sample In the modern urban culture consumption of soft drinks particularly among younger generation has become very popular. Soft drinks in various flavors and tastes are widely patronized by urbane population at various occasions like dinner parties, marriages, social get together, birthday calibration etc. children of all ages and groups are especially attracted by the mere mentionof the word soft drinks. With the growing popularity of soft drinks, the technology of its production, preservation, transportation and or marketing in the recent years has witnessed phenomenal changes The so-called competition for this product in the market is from different other brands. Mass media, particularly the emergence of television, has contribute to a large extent of the ever growing demand for soft drinks the attractive jingles and sport make the large audience remember this product at all times. It is expected that with the sort of mass advertising, reaching almost the entire country and offering various varieties annual demand for the products expected to rise sharply in the times to come. We will write a custom essay sample on Coke vs pepsi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In any marketing situation, the behavioral / environmental variables relating to consumers, competition and environment are constantly influx. The competitors in a given industry may be making many tactical maneuvers in market all the time. They may introduce or initiate an aggressive promotion campaign or announce a price reduction. The marketing man of the firm hasto meets all these maneuver and care of competitive position of his firm and his brand in the market. The only route open to him for achieving this is the manipulation of his marketing tactics. In today’s highly competitive market place, three players have dominated the industry; The New York based Pepsi Company Inc. The Atlanta based coca- cola and U. K. based Cadbury Schweppes. Through the globe, these major players have been battling it out for a bigger chunk of the ever –growing soft drink market. Now this battle has been evolved up to India too with the arrival of these three giants. Soft drink industry is on amazing growth; ultimately these are only one person who will determine their fortunes. The Indian consumer. The real War to quench his thirst has just begun CHAPTER 2 SOFT DRINK INDUSTRY: AN OVERVIEW It all began in 1886, when a tree legged brass kettle in HohnStyth pemberton’s backyard in Atlanta was brewing the first P of marketing leged. Unaware the pharmacist has given birth to a caramel colored syrup, which is now the chief ingredient of the world’s favorite drink. The syrup combined with carbonated the soft drink market. It is estimated that this drink is served more than one thousand million times in a day. Equally oblivious to the historic value of his actions was Frank Ix. Robinson, his partner and book keeper. Pemberton Robinson laid the first foundation of this beverage when an average nine drinks per day to begin with, upping volumes as sales grew. In 1894, this beverage got into bottle, courtesy a candy merchant from Mississippi. By the 1950’s Colas was a daily consumption item, stored in-house hold fridges. Soon were born other non- cola variants of this product like orange Lemon. Now, the soft drink industry has been dominated by three major players – (1)The New York based Pepsi co. Inc (2) The Atlanta based coca cola co. . (3)The United Kingdom based Cadbury Schweppes Though out the glove these major players have been battling it. Out for a bigger chunk of the ever-growing cold drink market. Now this battle has begun in India too. India is now the part of cold drink war. Gone are days of Ramesh Chauhan, India’s one time cola king and his bouts of pistol shooting. Expect now to hear the boon of cannons when the Coca Cola Pepsi co. battles it out for, as the Jordon goes a bigger share of throat. By buying over local competition, the two American Cola giants have cleared up the arena and are packing all their power behind building the Indian franchisee of their globe girdling brands. The huge amount invested in fracture has never been seen before. Both players seen an enormous potential in his country where swigging a carbonated beverage is still considered a treat, virtually a luxury. Consequently, by world standards India’s per capita consumption of cold drinks as going by survey results is rock bottom, less than over Neighbors Pakistan Bangladesh, where it is four times as much. Behind the hype, in an effort invisible to consumer Pepsi pumps in Rs 3000crores (1994) to add muscle to its infrastructure in bottling and distribution. This is apart from money that company’s franchised bottles spend in upgrading their plants all this has contributed to substantial gains in the market. In colas, Pepsi is already market leader and in certain cities likeGorakhpur, Pepsi outlets are on one side all the other colas put together on the other. While coke executive scruff at Pepsi’s claims as well as targets, industry observers are of the view that Pepsi has definitely stolen a march over its competitor coke. Apart from numbers, Pepsi has made qualitative gains. The foremost is its image. This image turnaround is no small achievements, considering that since it was established in 1989, taking the hardship route prior to liberalization and weighed down by export commitments. Now, at present as there are three major players coke, Pepsi and Cadbury and there is stiff competition between first two, both Pepsi and coke have started, sponsoring local events and staging frequent consumer promotion campaigns. As the mega event of this century has started, and the marketers using this event – world cup football, cricket events and many more other events. Like Pepsi, coke is picking up equity in its bottles to guarantee their financial support; one side coke is trying to increase its popularity through. Eat Food, enjoy Food. Drink only coca cola. Eat cricket, sleep cricket. Drink only coca cola. Eat movies, sleep movies. Drink only coca cola. On the other side of coin Pepsi has introduced AMITABH BACHHAN for capturing the lemon market through MIRINDA – Lemon with â€Å"zorka jhatkadhere se lage†. But no doubt’ that UK based Cadbury is also recognizing its presence. So there is a real crush in the soft drink market. With launch of the carbon at reorganize drink Crush, few year ago in Gorakhpur. The first in a series of launches, Cadbury Schweppes beverage India (CSBI) HAS PLANNED:-The world third largest soft drink marketers all over the country. CSBIowholly owned subsidiary of the London based $ 6. 52billion. Cadbury Schweppes is hoping that crush is going well and well not suffer the same fate as the Rs. 175 core Cadbury India’s apple drink Apella. CSBI is now with orange (crush) and Schweppes soda in the market. As orange drinks are the smallest of non-cola categories that is Rs. 1100crore market with 10% market share and cola heaving 50% is followed by Lemon segment with 25%. The success of soft drink industry depends upon 4 major factors viz. Availability Visibility Cooling Range 2. 1 AVAILABILITY Availability means the presence of a particular brand at any outlet. If a product is now available at any outlet and the competitor brand is available, the consumer will go for the at because generally the consumption of any soft drink is an impulse decision and not predetermined one. 2. 2 VISIBILITY Visibility is the presence felt, if any outlet has a particular brand of soft drink say- Pepsi cola and this brand is not displayed in the outlet, then its availability is of no use. The soft drink must be shown off properly and attractively so as to catch the attention of the consumer immediately Pepsi achieves visibility by providing glow signboards, hoarding, calendars etc. to the outlets. It also includes various stands to display Pepsi and other flavors of the company. 2. 3 COOLING As the soft drinks are consumed chilled so cooling them plays a vital role in boosting up the sales. The brand, which is available chilled, gets more sales then the one which is not, even if it is more preferred one 2. 4 RANGE This is the last but not the least factor, which affects the sale of the products of particularcompany. Range availability, means the availability of all flavors in all sizes CHAPTER 3 RESARCH METHODLOGY 3. 1 PRIMARY DATA Primary data is a type of information that is obtained directly from first-hand sources by means of surveys, observation or experimentation. It is data that has not been previously published and is derived from a new or original research study and collected at the source such as in marketing. Advantages of primary data: 1. Basic data 2. Un biased information 3. Original data 4. Data from the primary market/ population 5. Data direct from the population. Disadvantages of primary data: . 1. Large volume of data. 2. Huge volume of population. 3. Time consuming 4. Direct and personal intervention has to be there. 5. Raw data. 3. 2 SECONDARY DATA Secondary data is all the information collected for purposes other than the completion of a research project and it’s used to gain initial insight into the research problem. It is classified in terms of its source – either internal or external. Advantages of secondary data: 1. It already exists, so it saves time. 2. It is often cheaper than doing primary research. 3. It may allow you access to data you could not otherwise get. Disadvantages of secondary data: 1. In some cases, it is very expensive (scanner data, e. g. ) 2. You may have less control over how the data was collected. 3. There may be biases in the data that you dont know about. 4. Its answers may not exactly fit your research questions. 5. It may be obsolete data. 3. 3 SAMPLE SIZE The sample size of survey was 25. 3. 4 HYPOTHESIS It is assumed that most of the people around 60% drink Pepsi, but actually its only 28% and 54% of people drink coke. It may be because of the huge publicity done by coke and their effective advertising strategies. It is assumed that the taste preferred would be of coke only around 50%. But actually people prefer the taste of both as 60% agreed to both and 25% prefer coke and 15% prefer Pepsi. It may be because of the different taste and preference of different people. It is assumed that 50% of people feel that coke is more popular than Pepsi. But its 60% of people feel coke is more popular than Pepsi. It may be because of their popularity and brand ambassador. It is assumed50% of the local shops offer both the cold drinks. But actually it 52%. It may be because both the drinks are in almost equal demand. It is assumed 60% that marketing campaign preferred by the consumers would be of both. But actually it’s Pepsi whose marketing campaign is more preferred. It may be because of the more effectiveness and it’s a celebrity campaign. It is assumed 40% that when ordered for cold drinks both the cold drinks are available. But actually its 56%, it may be because of equal demand and its taste is almost the same. It is assumed 50% of people have these cold drinks twice a week. But actually its 60% of the people who have these cold drinks twice the week. It may because of the change in climate and teenagers are very fond of these drinks. It is assumed that advertising influences the choice of products for customer. But actually it’s the availability as 36% of people agreed to it. It may be because of the same taste and if it’s available in the shop people buy that. It is assumed that coca cola is 30% usually recognized through its TV. But it’s actually 40%. It may be because of availability of TV in every house and advertising through television is more effective. It is assumed that 50% of people recognize Pepsi through TV. But it’s actually 40% it may be because of the availability of alternatives Medias. 3. 5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS Performance appraisal is a process of assessing, summarizing and developing the work performance of an employee. In order to be effective and constructive, the performance manager should make every effort to obtain as much objective information about the employee’s performance as possible. Low performance can push the organization back in today’s tough competition scenario. The project is aimed at analyzing the performance appraisal in companies. Objective: The various objectives of our research are as follows: To examine why an appraisal system is important To study existing appraisal system in various organizations across sectors like BPO, IT Telecom To find the expectation of appraiser and appraise To determine the satisfaction level of the appraise To reveal the various loopholes in the appraisal system if any To find the consequences of an inappropriately conducted appraisal system CHAPTER 4 INTORDUCTION COKE IN INDIA Coca-Cola comes to India with fanfare in the fifties. For a number of days, The Hindustan Times and other newspapers of New Gorakhpur carried full page advertisement showing a big boy in uniform with a soft-drink crown as the cap. There was no indication of the product. After a few days, Coke was introduced. It was an entirely new drink which fascinated people. It soon became the national drink. For the first time, a soft-drink was available from one corner of the country to another. The person who brought Coca-Cola to India was the father of late SardarCharanjit Singh, Sardar Mohan Singh. A practical man Mohan Singh realized that to popularize Coca-Cola, and make it a best seller it was necessary to â€Å"catch them young. † So he focused on youngsters in the society. The company realized that to become a mass consumption product, one has to go to the village. They gave much importance to the distributive network. The company trucks supplied coke to even the remotest village. Few products appears to be more similar than soft drinks, yet the Cola wars that mark the competition between Coke and Pepsi show how even organizations with highly similar product can be differentiated by their business strategies. Then came battles over the issue of bottle size standardization. Coke the arch rival tried to offering more Cola at a lower price. Pepsi which had some of its early investment tied up in 250ml bottles, went the fountain way. The General bottle size freed has settled at 300 ml. 100 ml more than the pre MNC standard. Fountain mix dispensers, carry home bottles, even 1. 50 plastic bottle with caps good enough to keep them lying down and still preserve the fizz It poured in vast sums to whip up its visibility at the retail level, so that consumers were greeted virtually at every street corner by Pepsi’s blue, red and white colors, because they have perception â€Å"the thing on display sells more. †. Coca-Cola is, finally, redoing the real thing to the replicate the success that it’s arch-rival, PepsiCo. Has achieved with its fast and furious marketing. But to win them, Coke is copying Pepsi. CHAPTER 5 MARKETING STATEGIES OF COKE 5. 1 PRODUCT Coke was launched in India in Agra, October 24, in 93, soon after its traditional all Indian launch of its Cola. at the sparking new bottling plants atHathra, near Agra. Coke was back with a bang after its exit in 1977. Coke was planning to launch in next summer the orange drink, Fanta-with the clear lemon drink, sprite, following later in the year. Coke already owns more brands than it will over need, since it has bought out Ramesh Chauhan. Coke just needs to juggle these brands arounddextrously to meet its objectives, to ensure that Pepsi does not gain market share in t Today, Cokes product line includes, Coca-Cola, ThumsUp, Fanta, Gold Spot, Maaza, Citra, Sprite, Bisleri Club Soda and Diet Coke. PACKAGING Coca-Cola India Limited (CCIL) has bottled its Cola drink in different sizes and different packaging i. e. , 200 ml bottle, 300 ml. Bottle, 330 ml. Cans, 500 ml. Bottle fountain Pepsi, and bottles of 1 and 2 liter. PRODUCT POSITIONING One important thing must be noticed that Thums Up is a strong brandin western and southernIndia, while Coca Cola is strong in Northern andEastern India. With volumes of Thums Up being low in the capital, there are ikely chances of Coca Cola slashing the prices of Thums Up to Rs. 5 andcontinue to sell Coca Cola atthe same rate. Analysts feel that thisstrategy may help Coke since it has 2 Cola brands in comparison to Pepsiwhich has just one. Thums Up accounts for 40% of Coca Cola companys turn over,followed by Coca Cola which has a 23% share and Limca which accountsfor 17% of the turn over of the company. (Thums up being the local drink,its share in the market is intact, forcing the company to service the brand, asit did last year Mr. Donald short CEO, Coca Cola India, said that, we will be absolutely comfortable if Thums Up is No. 1 brand for us in India in theyear 2000. We will sell whatever consumers wants us to. Coca Cola Indiahas positioned Thums up as a beverage associated with adventure because of its strong taste and also making it compete with Pepsi as even Pepsi isassociated with adventure, youth. 5. 2 PRICE The price being fixed by industry, leaving very little role for the players to play in the setting of the price, in turn making it difficult for competitors to compete on the basis of price. The fixed cost structure in Carbonated Soft Drinks Industry, and theintense competition make it very difficult to change or alter the prices. Thevarious costs incurred by the individual companys are almost unavoidable. These being the costs of concentrates, standard bottling operations,distributor and bottlers commissions, distribution expenses and the promotional and advertising expenditure (As far as Coke is concerned, it had to incur a little more than Pepsi as Pepsi paved its way to India in 1989while Coke made a come back in 1993. )Currently a 300 ml. Coke bottle is available for Rs. 6 to8 The 330 canwas initially available for Rs. 13 and now, since the price has gave up to Rs. 18 per can. The prices of 500 ml. , 1 ltr. and 2ltr being Rs. 15 Rs. 23 and Rs. 40 respectively( according to the current survey). Dating back to ‘93, when Pepsi hiked the price of Pepsi Cola fromRs. 5 to Rs. 6 per 250 ml. bottle in some parts of the country-including Agra. Coke penetrated the market with price of Rs. 5 for a 300 ml. bottle, makingit cheaper by Rs. 1 and 50 ml. than Pepsi. Cokes strategy at that time beingable to expand the availability of soft drinks even in rural India. Cokes priority being to first increase the number of drinks per drinker, and then thenumber of drinkers itself. Pepsi also tried this but was trapped by a seriesof competitive price increase and changes in bottle sizes by Parle. But the prices of soft drinks have shot up since Pepsis arrival and the current pricesare being mentioned as under Name Bottle Size MRP (in Rs. ) Coke Per Bottle 200 ml 10 Coke 300 ml 18 Coke 500 ml(Plastic / Glass) 30 Coke 2 litre 70 However, the trends may have been in the early 90s, now the pricesof Pepsi and Coke are the same making it difficult in future and present tocompete on the basis of price. 5. 3 PLACE Coke may have gained an early advantage over Pepsi since it took over Parle in 1994. Hence, it had ready access to over 2,00,000 retailer outlets and 60 bottlers. Coke was had a better distribution network, owingto the wide network of Parle drinks all over India. Coke has further expanded its distribution network. Coke and its product were available in over 2,50,000 outlets (incontrast with Pepsis 2,00,000). Coke has a greater advantage in terms of geographical coverage. But Coke has had problems with its bottlers as the required profits for the bottlers have not been forthcoming. This is more so because Coke hashiked the price of its concentrate by Rs. 8 Further, Cokes operations inIndia are 100% FOBOs. Now, it plans to convert then into COBOs. This isstraining the relationship between the Coke and its bottlers. The company had decided to create a fund to reimburse performing bottlersfor the extra costs incurred on account of the hike in prices of soft drink concentrates. Mr. Short also realized that India is a price sensitive market and the company would have to absorb in the increase in excise duty andsaid that in the long run Coke will have to slash prices for the benefit of theconsumers and said that they were considering a cut in the prices of their fountain soft drinks. Coke and Pepsi have devised strategies to get rid of middlemenin the distribution network. However, 50% of the industry unfortunatelydepends on these middlemen. As of now, around 100 agents are present inGorakhpur. Bottlers of the 2 multinationals have strongly felt the need toremove these middlemen from the distribution system, but very little successhas been achieved in doing so. 5. 4 PROMOTION It must be remembered that soft drinks purchases are an impulse buylow involvement products which makes promotion and advertising animportant marketing tool. The 2 arch rivals have spent a lot on advertisingand on promotional activities. To promote a brand and even to spend a lot on advertising, thecompany must be aware of the perceived quality of the brand, its brand power (if at allthere is) since consumers make purchase decision based ontheir perceptions of value i. e. , of quality relative to price. According to Paul Stobart, Advertising encourages customers torecognize the quality the company offers. Price promotions often produceshort-term sales increases. Coca Cola has entered new markets and also developing market economics(like India) with much-needed jobs Coke attributes its success to bottlers, the Coca Cola system itself, i. e. ,its executive committees, employees, BOD, companypresidents but aboveall from the consumer. Cokes red color catches attention easily and also the Diet Coke whichit introduced was taking the Cake, as Pepsi has not come out with this inIndia. Ever since Cokes entry in India in 1993, Coke made a come back (after quitting in 1977), in October 24 in Agra, the city was flooded bytrucks, there wheelers, tricycle cards-all with huge red Coke-emblazonedumbrellas. Retailers were displaying their Coke bottles in distinctive racks,also with specially-designed iceboxes to keep Coke bottles cold. This wasone big jolt to Pepsi. CHAPTER 6 CASE STUDY Coke vs. Pepsi Cola Wars This Market Model case study follows the more than 100-year â€Å"Cola War† between Coke and Pepsi. When first starting to use the Market Model for market simulation, it is easier to think about this famous competitive battle when there were only two competitive products (the 6. 5 oz Coke in their famous bottle, versus Pepsi’s product). When Coke and Pepsi first started competition head-to-head, Coke had about an 80% market share, and Pepsi had a 20% market share – we can ignore the other competition which has since evaporated. Market Maps can start out to be very simple. In this case, both products share the same category defining benefit – they are both â€Å"Cola Drinks†. If consumers cannot tell the difference in taste between the two in a blind taste test, then the only differentiating qualities are the product brands. Data from the market already gives us a lot of information that we can use to tune the Market Model. We know the Price for Coke and Pepsi, we know their Market Share, and we have a pretty good idea of the Profit Margin (or Marginal Cost) of both from their public financial reports. With these 6 data points we can start to tune our model. If we also have data for another point, say at a time that Pepsi was offering a substantial discount on their product or from another geography, then we would have more than enough data to completely tune a model as simple as the one we are starting with. Because the Market Model uses a proprietary statistical algorithm to impute customer distribution data, the data collection problem becomes much easier and cost effective. Unlike with other statistical techniques, the user does not have to commission an expensive market research report just to tell them what they already know about the existing market. The Market Model allows the user to integrate their own knowledge, and then focus on understanding just those new changes relative to the existing state of the market. For example, after setting up an initial Market Model, the user can run very targeted Conjoint Analysis study to better inform them about what is new to the market (like a new feature). The new data can then be integrated into the Market Map. Once the base model has been constructed and tuned the user can think about how they might change the conditions in the market. Here are some strategic ideas for Pepsi: They might try and add an additional feature, such as a different sized bottle They might try to improve the Pepsi brand